Prime numbers — 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, and so on — are simple to define but endlessly strange. They’re the indivisible building blocks of arithmetic, yet their pattern across the number line feels almost random. For centuries, mathematicians have suspected that there’s a deeper structure behind that apparent chaos.
What if the whole universe — space, time, and everything in it — were a quantum object? That’s the question behind quantum cosmology, a field that applies the strange rules of quantum mechanics to the entire cosmos. Einstein’s general relativity explains how the universe expands and how gravity shapes space
For generations, peer review has been the backbone of academic publishing. It's the mechanism that decides which ideas are “worthy” of print. Most of us who left academia have lived inside that system. We would wait for months to get a referee report, navigating opaque verdicts, and often
There’s an audacious idea that's been batted around the physics and philosophy circles for years now. It says the universe didn’t need to begin, didn’t need to be caused, and didn’t even need to be made of matter in the first place. Instead, everything
Martin Fleming is a philosopher of mind, BBC Thought of the Day regular, and member of the Science and Philosophy Initiative. There was a case happening in the USA last June in which a mother is suing an AI company called Character AI for influencing her 14-year-old son to end
I think that most philosophical disagreements come from unacknowledged differences in assumptions and definitions. Breadcrumb philosophy is the idea that in order to truly understand our arguments, we can follow them back to their original assumptions and what the included terms mean. This is not a new idea and draws
The Adventures of Time Time is a polysemous thing with many activities. Time is causality, it is change, becoming, duration, succession, cycles, rhythm, temporality, time flows, time is now, present, futur and past. And sometimes mathematics tell us time is imaginary, an illusion, an arrow, a coordinate, a parameter t.
An Ode to Abstraction Growing up with colors and pastels in my hands, I spent a generous amount of years confused by other people qualifying my art as abstract. It was not until I looked at somebody looking at my painting that I understood from their gaze that we were
“When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe. One fancies a heart like our own must be beating in every crystal and cell, and we feel like stopping to speak to the plants and animals as friendly fellow mountaineers.
While metaphors love to roam free, some things are best kept in their box, or their context, it is especially relevant when we talk about presuppositions and referential systems in science. Metaphysical presuppositions are like power outlets—you can plug all kinds of tools into them, but only if you
Warm wind, Floridian streets, evening light, we are listening to a song on the radio. Note by note, each word following another, initially our attention is focused sequentially on the music. What would it look like if suddenly our attention could become larger, taking a step back from the unfolding
Leonhard Euler (1707–1783) was a Swiss-born polymath whose prolific output reshaped mathematics and physics. Despite going blind later in life, Euler’s memory and mental agility remained legendary. He continued to produce groundbreaking work at a remarkable pace, dictating complex papers entirely from memory. Few in history have matched